Playing the footage at the standard rate of 24 frames per second caused a blurring effect, which ILM used to simulate the vehicles' high speed what was shot at 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) looked like 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). ILM used a steadicam recording at 1 frame per second to record the speeder bikes' path through the forest moon of Endor-in reality, a California forest. The final designs resulted in full-scale Imperial speeder bikes used by the actors for film against a bluescreen, along with miniatures mounted by articulated puppets. While Industrial Light & Magic's (ILM) Nilo Rodis-Jamero designed a blocky vehicle with a large engine, Ralph McQuarrie's designs were more fanciful but with less of a sense of the vehicle's power source. Various concept sketches came from producer George Lucas' call for a 'rocket-powered scooter' in Return of the Jedi.
